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WARFARE and WEAPONRY


cyborg_bugs.jpg

PENTAGON SCIENTISTS PLAN TO DEVELOP CYBER INSECT ARMY

[BBC, March 16, 2006]

The Pentagon's defence scientists want to create an army of cyber-insects that can be remotely controlled to check out explosives and send transmissions. The idea is to insert micro-systems at the pupa stage, when the insects can integrate them into their body, so they can be remotely controlled later.

Experts told the BBC some ideas were feasible but others seemed "ludicrous." A similar scheme aimed at manipulating wasps failed when they flew off to feed and mate.

The new scheme is a brainwave of the Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (Darpa), which is tasked with maintaining the technological superiority of the US military. It has asked for "innovative" bids on the insect project from interested parties.

Darpa believes scientists can take advantage of the evolution of insects, such as dragonflies and moths, in the pupa stage. "Through each metamorphic stage, the insect body goes through a renewal process that can heal wounds and reposition internal organs around foreign objects," its proposal document reads.

The foreign objects it suggests to be implanted are specific micro-systems -- Mems -- which, when the insect is fully developed, could allow it to be remotely controlled or sense certain chemicals, including those in explosives.

The invasive surgery could "enable assembly-line like fabrication of hybrid insect-Mems interfaces," Darpa says. A winning bidder would have to deliver "an insect within five metres of a specific target located 100 metres away." The "insect-cyborg" must also "be able to transmit data from relevant sensors, yielding information about the local environment. These sensors can include gas sensors, microphones, video, etc."

Scientists who spoke to the BBC were unconvinced. Entomology expert Dr George McGavin of the Oxford University Museum of Natural History said the idea appeared "ludicrous.” "Not all wacky ideas are without value. Some do produce the goods. My feeling is this will probably not produce the goods," he said. "What adult insects want to do is basically reproduce and lay eggs. You would have to rewire the entire brain patterns."

Dr McGavin said it appeared impossible to connect the technology to the right places during the metamorphic phase, particularly with regard to flight.

Prof Andrew Parker, research leader at the Natural History Museum's zoology department and a specialist in bio-mimetics, said the concept was not too far fetched but had its limits. Technology could help direct an insect to chemicals such as in roadside bombs, he said, but controlling full flight was "a long way off."

Entomology expert at the museum, Stuart Hine, agreed it was plausible to use insects to detect explosives. But he added: "I feel that the reality of such cyborg fusion between insect and machine lies squarely in the realms of fiction."

To receive micro-signals from the insects would require a dish "quite close and several feet in diameter, rendering it a less than covert operation."

Darpa's previous experiments to get bees and wasps to detect the smell of explosives foundered when their "instinctive behaviours for feeding and mating... prevented them from performing reliably," it said.

Darpa was founded in 1958 to keep US military technology ahead of Cold War rivals. Its website says it has around 240 personnel and a $2bn (£1.1bn) budget. Supporters say much of its work has been successful, but it has also drawn criticism for unusable "blue-sky" projects. A former director said in 1975: "When we fail, we fail big."


"JAMES BOND" INVENTIONS FOR THAILAND MILITARY

 

[news.com, October 07, 2006, from Agence France-Presse]

SONGPHOL Eiamboonyarith grew up on a remote military base in Thailand where his main pleasure as a child was watching the television spy series Mission: Impossible.

Songphol says that following the adventures of American secret agents Dan Briggs and Jim Phelps in the series, which ran on US television from 1966 to 1973, helped nurture a dream that he shared with millions of adventurous and ambitious boys the world over.

"I told myself I want to work like that," Songphol said. "I thought that in the future I could help many, many people in the fight against terrorism."

The difference however is that Songphol did make his dream come true – not as the spy but as the backroom brains, taking his inspiration from Q, the genius behind James Bond's indispensible gadgets. Like Q, who designed ejection seats for Aston Martins, pens that doubled as grenades and wristwatches with tiny saws that could cut through rope, Songphol invents gadgets for Thailand's real-life security forces.

He began putting his obsession for security paraphenalia into action when he was just 12 years old, raiding his mother's closet for scraps of plastic that he fashioned into a supposedly "bullet-proof" vest. Thankfully, he laughs, it was never put to the test. After he graduated from university with a degree in engineering, Songphol, who at 52 is married with two adult children, spent a decade in the army where he built a knowledge of ordnance and explosives.

Upon his discharge he established his company, Precipart Co. Ltd., and began creating tools for Thailand's military that melded his academic and military expertise with his fertile imagination. In the early days it was a matter of trial and error as, Q-like, he turned ordinary objects into both life-saving devices and deadly weapons.

Now Songphol's business operates out of a 6000sqm factory outside Bangkok, employs 400 people and has produced more than 50 devices for Thailand's military. Above all, Songphol says, his aim has been to enhance the safety of the men in the field and help them protect ordinary Thais from insurgents and terrorists.

"Life is very, very important," he says. "My equipment is invented to save human life."

The list of his inventions certainly reads like something out of a spy novel, and many have been patented in Thailand – like the truncheon that fires a net so that police can capture runaway suspects, the umbrella and the walking stick that double as guns, and the blast-proof shield that can protect people from the impact of car bombs.

Songphol says he's most proud of the rubber bullets, bulletproof vests and stunt bombs that he personally designed for the Thai forces. He believes that this type of equipment can save lives and help defuse tense situations by giving authorities better protection and non-lethal ways of dealing with crowds.

While there has as yet been no need for his devices in the wake of the bloodless military coup that toppled the Thai government on September 19, many of Songphol's inventions are used in the country's Muslim-majority provinces along the southern border with Malaysia, where an insurgency has been bubbling under for the past few years.

Some 1500 people have been killed since unrest erupted in the region more than two years ago, in what officials say is a volatile mix of separatism, organized crime and local police corruption.

Among the devices of his company's creation that are most widely used in the south are his specially designed bullet-proof vests, which he says are more effective than the ones used overseas because the plates line up in a way that also shields against knife attacks. He's also proud of the plated armour he designed for use on military vans which are often used to transport teachers to school.

Teachers, he points out, are frequent targets of attack in the restive south because the insurgents regard them as symbols of Bangkok's effort to impose Buddhist culture on the region's Muslims and ethnic Malays. So he is working on creating a bullet-proof wig, which he hopes will offer better protection than the motorcycle helmets teachers now often wear to protect themselves in case of ambush.

While it sounds far-fetched – indeed, the stuff of James Bond movies – Songphol is convinced that his idea could help cut the death toll.

Most shootings to the head target the temple or the forehead, he points out. So he is designing a protective metal band that would cover those areas, but which would look natural. That way, for an insurgent to kill someone with a shot to the head, the gunman would have to be shooting from directly above, he said.

Also on his drawing board are bullet-proof advertising hoardings, which Songphol says could replace the banners currently used outside shops and restaurants to protect passersby from roadside bombs. Songphol said even if the military didn't buy any of his creations, he would carry on inventing. "I will keep working, otherwise there will be no inventors left," he said.